Tanah Abang, Jakarta, 13 September 1930. Sawenehe dhokter mudha mblusuk-mblusuk menyang pakampungan kumuh padhet pendhudhuk. Dalan jembreg lan ambu banger saka sadawane gang sing dileboni, ora njalari dhokter kuwi gigu.
Dheweke terus njujug menyang omah cilik kang reged. Ing omah iku sawenehe gembel gumlethak tanpa daya. Tanpa rikuh dhokter mau cag-ceg ngobati pepriman sing nandhang lara iku.
Warga kampung banjur marabi dhokter mudha iku Moewardi, si Dhokter Gembel. Awit ora pisan pindho lulusan STOVIA iku blusukan aweh pitulungan marang kaum gembel. Moewardi ora ngrewes nadyan sawise blusukan iku sragam dhokter sarwa putih sing dienggo kotor dening blethokan utawa kena cipratan banyu peceren.
Moewardi, sing sawise lulus saka STOVIA banjur mbacutake nempuh pendhidhikan kedhokteran njupuk spesialisasi THT (telinga, hidung, tenggorokan), dudu dhokter lumrah. Ing jiwane milih getih revolusioner. Dhokter Moewardi klebu salah sijine nom-noman sing nyulik Sukarno-Hatta menyang Rengasdengklok, 16 Agustus 1945, saliyane Chaerul Saleh, Sukarni, Wikana, Jusuf Kunto, Singgih lan dr Soetjipto.
Satemene Moerwardi duwe garis perjuwangan sing padha karo Bung Karno. Kepara ana sing ngarani lamun Moewardi iku klebu pemudha kang dikadher dening Sukarno. Bab iku bisa dideleng nalika Jepang ndhapuk Barisan Pelopor kanggo ngawekani serbuane Sekutu, 1 Nopember 1944, Sukarno kapilih minangka ketuane. Sukarno banjur menehi kapercayan Moewardi mandhegani Barisan Pelopor Cabang Jakarta.
Nadyan pandhapuke Barisan Pelopor mengku karep kanggo bela negara, nanging jrone prakteke, anggota laskar kasebut luwih kerep ngawal kegiyatane tokoh-tokoh nasionalis, utamane ngamanake pidhato-pidhatone tokoh kasebut. Barisan Pelopor uga aktif ngimpun tambahan anggota saengga gunggunge sangsaya akeh. Nugroho Notosusanto ing buku asesirah Sejarah Nasional Indonesia Jilid VI nyebutake menawa cacahe anggota Barisan Pelopor ora kurang saka 60 ewu. Struktur kepengurusane ngrembaka nganti tingkat kawedanan sarta kelurahan.
Miturut pengamat sejarah Rushdy Hoesein, saperangan komandhane Barisan Pelopor mujudake mahasiswa-mahasiswa radhikal saka klompok dhiskusi Menteng 31. Klompok mahasiswa iku kalebu sing ndheseg kamardikan Indonesia enggal-enggal diproklamasekake nalika ana kabar Jepang wiwit kasoran dening Sekutu ing medhan tempur Asia Pasifik.
Nyulik Sukarno lan Hatta menyang Rengasdengklok dadi skenario meksa lelorone sacepete ngucapake proklamasi. Klompok pemudha lan mahasiswa radhikal mawas Sukarno-Hatta kudu ngrebut kalodhangan iku kanggo mbiwarakake kamardikan. Ing sisih liya, Sukarno isih mangu-mangu merga durung entuk kabar gumathok ngenani kalahe Jepang ing palagan Asia Pasifik. Miturut Rushdy, nalika wekasane Sukarno gelem nuruti pakone klompok pemudha mau, Barisan Pelopor Jakarta kang tinindhihan dr. Moewardi nyepakake sakehing keperluwan pamacane proklamasi, klebu babagan pengamanane.
(Foto-foto repro)
Tanggal 16 Desember 1945 dr. Moewardi metu saka Barisan Pelopor lan ngedegake laskar dhewe kanthi aran Barisan Banteng Republik Indonesia (BBRI). Nadyan anggotane Moewardi susut akeh dibandhingake karo isih nggamblok Barisan Pelopor, nanging Barisan Banteng dikenal nduweni senjata kang pepak sarta jaringan ing plosok Jawa lan Sumatra. Malah kena diarani menawa Barisan Banteng sing anggotane wong 20 ewu mau mujudake laskar kang paling kuwat sawise proklamasi kamardikan. Kekuwatane Barisan Banteng disebut-sebut ana sandhuwure laskar-laskar sing uga manjila nalika kuwi, antara liya Hizboellah (Masyumi), Pemuda Sosialis Indonesia (Pesindo) lan Lasjkar Rakjat (Murba).
Merga nduweni senjata komplit lan pepak, Barisan Banteng kepetung kerep kembet karo paprangan ngadhepi Inggris lan Sekutu. Ing awale 1946 upamane, Barisan Banteng kang dipimpin Soeroso campuh prang rame lumawan Batalyon 3/3 Gurkha Rifles ing Cianjur. Trajange Barisan Banteng njalari Batalyon 3/3 Gurkha Rifles kober kedhodhoran. “Mangka sing diadhepi kuwi pasukan elite Inggris kang tau mondhong kamenangan jrone palagan Prang Donya II,” ujare sesepuh Divisi Siliwangi, Letkol (Purnawirawan) Eddie Soekardi, kaya kang katulis ing Historia rong taun kepungkur.
Ing sisih liya, komplite senjata sing diduweni Barisan Banteng sok njalari anggotane duwe watak ngedir-edirake. Cilakane jumlah komandhan sing nduweni kawibawan kanggo mimpin laskar mau ora akeh. Satemah asring timbul konflik ing lapangan. Upamane ing sasi Maret 1946, Barisan Banteng ngepung gudhang pangan Kasunanan Surakarta lan Kepatihan. Barisan Banteng meksa Kasunanan lebur karo Republik Indonesia amrih ora ana negara jroning negara. Pengamat sejarah saka Amerika Serikat, Mc Turnan Kahin ing buku Nationalism and Revolution in Indonesia kandha pakartine Barisan Banteng ngepung Kraton Kasunanan iku didombani dening Rono Marsono. “Rono Marsono kuwi pimpinan serikat buruh sing kuwat, nanging watake bejat,” kandhane Kahin.
Merga prastawa pangepungan kraton kuwi, pamarentahane Sutan Sjahrir mrentah mikut pentholan-pentholane Barisan Banteng. Tentara tumindak nyekel wong 12. Nanging panangkepan iku diprotes Barisan Banteng kanthi nganakake dhemonstrasi gedhen ing Solo. Pamarentah dijaluk ngluwari tetunggule Barisan Banteng sing ditahan mau. Komandhan Tentara Keamanan Rakyat (TKR) Jendral Soedirman akhire ngabulake tuntutane dhemonstran.
Kedadeyan iku sithik akeh ngowahi panyengkuyunge Barisan Banteng marang Sukarno. Dhokter Moewardi mawas sikepe Sukarno banget lembek marang Landa jalaran nyengkuyung Prajanjen Linggarjati lan Prajanjen Renville. Barisan Banteng uga nyenges sikepe Partai Nasionalis Indonesia (PNI) sing padha lembeke karo Sukarno. Tumrap Barisan Banteng, jrone ngadhepi Walanda, Indonesia kudu duwe adeg-adeg ‘tanpa kompromi.’ Ing kene Barisan Banteng cocog karo sikepe Lasjkar Rakjat pimpinane Tan Malaka sarta kaum komunis ing sanjabane PKI Musso sing uga duwe sikep ‘Indonesia kudu mardika 100 persen’.
Mula manggon ing Solo, tanggal 12 Januari 1948 madeg Gerakan Revolusioner Rakyat kang mujudake gabungan saka Barisan Banteng, kaum komunis sing dudu anggotane PKI, sarta Lasjkar Rakjat pimpinane Tan Malaka. Nanging madege Gerakan Revolusioner Rakyat mau malah nuwuhake congkrah karo Front Demokrasi Rakyat (FDR), laskar sing dibentuk dening PKI lan Pesindo. Sesatron iku sangsaya panas. Pucake, dr. Moewardi ilang misterius tanggal 13 September 1948. Dinuga kuwat ilange dr. Moewardi merga diculik dening mungsuh-mungsuh politike mau.
Nalika kuwi, jam 09.00, dr. Moewardi sing umure 41 taun budhal saka omahe ing Jebres kanthi numpak andhong sumedya ngoprasi lelarane sawijine pasien bocah. Andhahane dr. Moewardi ing Barisan Banteng, klebu pengawal pribadine, wis nglarang amrih dr. Moewardi ora lunga dhisik ngelingi situasi politik lagi panas. Ewadene dr. Moewardi nekad budhal merga sinurung dening kuwajibane ngusadani wong lara.
“Wis ya, Jeng,” pamite dr. Moewardi marang sisihane, Soesilowati.
“Dag, Pap.”
Lagi mlangkah tekan lawang ruwang tamu, dr. Moewardi mbalik manjero merga ana barang sing keri. Nalika arep budhal, dr. Moewardi pamitan maneh karo Soesilowati.
“Wis ya, Jeng.”
“Ah, Pap, kok kaya manten anyar wae,” ujare karo ngguyu. Dheweke kober nyawang garwane mau munggah andhong duweke Perguruan Tinggi Klaten, papane Moewardi mulang, kang ngenteni ana plataran. Andhong banjur digelak tumuju Rumah Sakit Jebres, Solo, papan prakteke dr. Moewardi.
Soesilowati ora nyana yen dina kuwi kang pungkasan dheweke ketemu karo guru lakine. Sorene lan ing dina-dina sabanjure dr. Moewardi ora mulih. Sejarawan Walanda, Harry A. Poeze ing buku Madiun 1948: Madiun Bergerak mratelakake menawa dr. Moewardi diculik dening laskar bersenjata. Versi liya nyebutake menawa ing tengah dalan andhong sing ngemot dr, Moewardi dicegat dening nom-noman cacah papat.
Barisan Banteng lan Gerakan Revolusioner Rakyat ngarani penculikan iku ditindakake dening wong-wong Pesindo. “Barisan Banteng lan Gerakan Revolusioner Rakyat ngelingake Pesindo amrih enggal mbalekake dr. Moewardi,” kandhane Poeze.
Nganti ‘Peristiwa Madiun’ kang dipandhegani Musso pecah nem ndina candhake, nasibe dr. Moewardi tetep durung cetha. Mula banjur dumadi sekuthon aneh antarane Gerakan Revolusioner Rakyat karo Divisi Siliwangi (pasukan kang ditugasake Wakil Presidhen Moh. Hatta kanggo numpes gerakane Musso Cs) ngrampungi FDR tanpa ampun. Sawise Peristiwa Madiun, trajange Barisan Banteng saka pentas revolusi kamardikan alon-alon surut. Sebab, saperangan anggotane diimpun minangka TNI. Wondene sisa-sisa anggota Barisan Banteng sing ora klebu menyang ketentaraan, banjur ngedegake laskar-laskar lokal sing isih nggawa semangate Barisan Banteng Republik Indonesia, kaya dene Banteng Ketaton ing Purwakarta lan Lasykar Nasionalis Pelopor Indonesia ing Sumatra Wetan.
Panulis: Kukuh Setyo Wibowo
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